Into the middle kingdom. Peasants cross the bridge linking China with Tibet in the southwest province of Yunnan. Traditional Chinese belief held that all roads into China led from barbarism into civilization. China or the 'Middle Kingdom' as it was known, was presented by its rulers and its elite of scholars and officials as the true axis of the culture. By comparison, all other countries were intellectually and spiritually impoverished. China preferred isolation. The country's landscape remained unaffected by the outside world for centuries - suspension bridges like this had existed in China for a thousand years before this photo was taken around 1900. Photo by Auguste François.

Chinese century